Which segment of the vertebral column has 12 vertebrae associated with the ribs?

The thoracic segment of the vertebral column consists of 12 vertebrae (T1 to T12) that are specifically associated with the ribs. Each thoracic vertebra has facets on its sides that articulate with the ribs, providing a stable connection that allows for protection of the thoracic organs and contributes to the structure of the rib cage. This connection is essential for respiratory mechanics as it allows the rib cage to expand and contract during breathing.

In contrast, the cervical spine has seven vertebrae, which are not associated with ribs, while the lumbar spine is made up of five larger vertebrae that support the lower back and do not connect to ribs. The sacral area consists of five fused vertebrae forming the sacrum and is also not associated with ribs. This anatomical distinction clearly underscores the unique role of the thoracic vertebrae in both structure and function related to the rib cage.