What virus is responsible for causing AIDS?

The virus responsible for causing AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). HIV attacks the body’s immune system, specifically targeting CD4 cells (T cells), which are crucial for fighting off infections. As the virus destroys these cells, the immune system becomes compromised, making the individual vulnerable to various opportunistic infections and certain cancers, which define the progression to AIDS.

Understanding the role of HIV is central to its treatment and prevention strategies. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is commonly used to manage HIV infection, slowing down the virus’s progression and aiding in maintaining a healthy immune system. This is essential for any individual diagnosed with HIV to avoid the progression to AIDS.

Looking at the other viruses listed, hepatitis B is primarily known for causing liver disease, human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with cervical and other types of cancer, and herpes simplex virus is known for causing oral and genital herpes. None of these viruses are responsible for the immunodeficiency that characterizes AIDS, highlighting why HIV is the correct response.